5069 if8 manual - Use your product. POINT I/O 4 Channel IO-Link Master Module User Manual POINT I/O ASCII Modules User Manual POINT I/O DeviceNet Adapter User Manual POINT I/O EtherNet/IP Adapter Module User Manual POINT I/O and ArmorPOINT I/O 2 Port EtherNet/IP Adapters (1734-AENTR, 1738-AENTR, Series A) User Manual POINT I/O and ArmorPOINT I/O Dual Port ...

 
2 Rockwell Automation Publication 5069-IN008D-EN-P - December 2021 Compact 5000 Digital 4-point Isolated Relay Digital Output Module Installation Instructions ATTENTION: Read this document and the documents listed in the Additional Resources section about installation, configuration and operation of this equipment before you install, configure, operate or maintain . A ok railroad

Describes how to install and wire the 5069-IF8 analog input module. 5069 Compact I/O Analog 4-channel Current/Voltage/RTD/Thermocouple Input Module Installation Instructions, publication 5069-IN011 Describes how to install and wire the 5069-IY4 analog input module. 5069 Compact I/O Analog Current/Voltage Output Modules Installation Instructions,Catalog Numbers 5069-IF8, 5069-IY4, 5069-OF4, 5069-OF8 User Manual. Important User Information1746-to-5069 I/O Conversion System Installation ... 1746-NO4V 4-Channel Analog I/O Modules User Manual Download. 1746-NI8 Analog Input Module User Manual View and Download Allen-Bradley 5069-IF8 user manual online. Analog I/O Modules 5000 Series in Logix5000 Control Systems. 5069-IF8 i/o systems pdf manual download. Also for: 5069-of4, 5069-iy4, 5069-of8.Our Bulletin 5069 Compact 5000™ I/O modules provide high-performance control in a compact design, and expand the performance capabilities of the Logix platform. They are the local I/O modules in a CompactLogix™ 5380, Compact GuardLogix® 5380, or CompactLogix 5480 system and safety options are available. Technical Data. 5069-TD001. Find more technical documentation for this product in the Technical Documentation Center. TYPE. Technical Data. PUBLICATION NUMBER. 5069-TD001.Catalog Numbers 5069-AENTR, 5069-AENTRK, 5069-AEN2TR The Compact 5000™ I/O EtherNet/IP adapters perform the following functions: • Facilitate high-speed data transfer across an EtherNet/IP network between Compact 5000 I/O modules and a Logix 5000™controller. • Provide system-side and field-side power to Compact 5000 I/O modules. 2 Rockwell Automation Publication 5069-IN015C-EN-P - December 2021 Compact 5000 Digital 16-point 120/240V AC Input Module Installation Instructions ATTENTION: Read this document and the documents listed in the Additional Resources section about installation, configuration and operation of this equipment before you install, configure, operate or ...Catalog Numbers 5069-IF8, 5069-IY4, 5069-OF4, 5069-OF8 User Manual. Important User Information Catalog Number 5069-OW16 The 5069-OW16 digital 16-point normally open relay output module drives output devices. The data sent to the module from a Logi x 5000™ controller and the state of some Compact 5000™ I/O input modules determines the 5069-OW16 module behavior. Compact 5000 I/O modules use the Producer/Consumer communication mo del. Module, Distributed I/O, 8 Channel, Analog Input, HART. Lifecycle status: ACTIVE. Find a Distributor. to avoid the risks of unauthorized and counterfeit products. Find Product Drawings. Register this Product. Add to BoM. Get Support. 5094-IF8IH. Series information for 5069-IF8. For additional information about 5069-IF8 check the data sheet or manual. Also check the manual PDF for all wiring diagrams, compatibility, troubleshooting, specifications, installation instructions, and accessories (such as batteries, terminal blocks, or cables) regarding 5069-IF8.View and Download Allen-Bradley 5069-IF8 user manual online. Analog I/O Modules 5000 Series in Logix5000 Control Systems. 5069-IF8 i/o systems pdf manual download. Appendix A Troubleshoot Your Module Table 29 describes the I/O Status indicator on 5069 Compact I/O analog output modules.Our Bulletin 5069 Compact 5000™ I/O modules provide high-performance control in a compact design, and expand the performance capabilities of the Logix platform. They are the local I/O modules in a CompactLogix™ 5380, Compact GuardLogix® 5380, or CompactLogix 5480 system and safety options are available. Catalog Numbers 5069-AENTR, 5069-AENTRK, 5069-AEN2TR The Compact 5000™ I/O EtherNet/IP adapters perform the following functions: • Facilitate high-speed data transfer across an EtherNet/IP network between Compact 5000 I/O modules and a Logix 5000™controller. • Provide system-side and field-side power to Compact 5000 I/O modules.Our Bulletin 5069 Compact 5000™ I/O modules provide high-performance control in a compact design, and expand the performance capabilities of the Logix platform. They are the local I/O modules in a CompactLogix™ 5380, Compact GuardLogix® 5380, or CompactLogix 5480 system and safety options are available. These modules are the ideal ... Our Bulletin 5069 Compact 5000™ I/O modules provide high-performance control in a compact design, and expand the performance capabilities of the Logix platform. They are the local I/O modules in a CompactLogix™ 5380, Compact GuardLogix® 5380, or CompactLogix 5480 system and safety options are available. Compact I/O 5069 Número de catálogo 5069-IF8 Instrucciones de instalación Descripción general del producto El módulo de entradas analógicas de voltaje/corriente de 8 ca nales 5069-IF8 ofrece canales de entrada diferenciales, no aislado s, que pueden conectarse con dispositivos de entrada de corriente o de voltaje.Analog I/O Module Catalog Numbers 5069-IF8, 5069-IY4, 5069-OF4, 5069-OF8 High-speed Counter Module Catalog Number 5069-HSC2xOB4 Serial Module Catalog Number 5069-SERIAL Field Potential Distributor Catalog Number 5069-FPD Address Reserve Module Catalog Number 5069-ARM EtherNet/IP Adapter Catalog Number 5069-AENTR, 5069-AEN2TR5069 Compact I/O 16 Channel 24VDC Sink Input Module. Lifecycle status: ACTIVE. Find a Distributor. Learn how to avoid the risks of unauthorized and counterfeit products. Find Product Drawings. Add to BoM. Get Support. 5069-IB16. Find a Distributor.The 5069-OB16, 5069-OB16F, and 5069-OB16K digital 16-point sourcing output modules drive output devices. The data that is sent to the modules from a controller and some input modules determines the 5069-OB16, 5069-OB16F, and 5069-OB16K module behavior. You can use time-scheduled output control on the 5069-OB16F output modules.This manual shows how to monitor and handle major and minor controller faults. The manual also provides lists of major, minor, and I/O fault codes to use to troubleshoot the system. This manual is one of a set of related manuals that show common procedures for programming and operating Logix 5000 controllers.Literature Library | Rockwell AutomationOur Bulletin 5069 Compact 5000™ I/O modules provide high-performance control in a compact design, and expand the performance capabilities of the Logix platform. They are the local I/O modules in a CompactLogix™ 5380, Compact GuardLogix® 5380, or CompactLogix 5480 system and safety options are available.2 Rockwell Automation Publication 5069-IN004D-EN-P - December 2021 Compact 5000 Digital 16-point Sinking Input Modules Installation Instructions ATTENTION: Read this document and the documents listed in the Additional Resources section about installation, configuration and operation of this equipment before you install, configure, operate or ...2 Rockwell Automation Publication 5069-IN013I-EN-P - March 2022 CompactLogix 5380 Controllers Installation Instructions ATTENTION: Read this document and the documents listed in the Additional Resources section about installation, configuration and operation of this equipment before you install, configure, operate or maintainTechnical Data. 5069-TD001. Find more technical documentation for this product in the Technical Documentation Center. TYPE. Technical Data. PUBLICATION NUMBER. 5069-TD001.Literature Library | Rockwell AutomationUser Manuals, Guides and Specifications for your Allen-Bradley 5069-IF8 I/O Systems. Database contains 1 Allen-Bradley 5069-IF8 Manuals (available for free online viewing or downloading in PDF): Operation & user’s manual .Catalog Numbers 5069-IF8, 5069-IY4, 5069-OF4, 5069-OF8 User Manual. Important User InformationThe 5069-IF8 analog 8-channel current/voltage input module offers non-isolated input channels that can connect to current or voltage input devices. The module supports multiple ranges for each input type. Compact 5000TM I/O modules use the Producer/Consumer communication model. The 5069-IY4 has an input resolution of 15-bits plus sign and 16 bits for voltage; 16-bits for current, RTD and Thermocouple. Is the Thermocouple input provided with CJC sensors? Yes. Two (2) CJC sensors are available. What is the scan time of the 5069-IY4? The 5069-IY4 has rated scan time of 625 µs per channel and 2.5 ms per group.Our Bulletin 5069 Compact 5000™ I/O modules provide high-performance control in a compact design, and expand the performance capabilities of the Logix platform. They are the local I/O modules in a CompactLogix™ 5380, Compact GuardLogix® 5380, or CompactLogix 5480 system and safety options are available. View and Download Allen-Bradley 5069-IF8 user manual online. Analog I/O Modules 5000 Series in Logix5000 Control Systems. 5069-IF8 i/o systems pdf manual download. Appendix A Troubleshoot Your Module Table 29 describes the I/O Status indicator on 5069 Compact I/O analog output modules.View and Download Allen-Bradley 5069-IF8 user manual online. Analog I/O Modules 5000 Series in Logix5000 Control Systems. 5069-IF8 i/o systems pdf manual download. Also for: 5069-of4, 5069-iy4, 5069-of8.Catalog Number 5069-OA16 The 5069-OA16 digital 16-point AC output module supports 120V AC and 240V AC signals drive output devices. The data that is sent to the module from a controller and the state of some input modules determines the 5069-OA16 module behavior. Compact 5000™ I/O modules use the Producer/Consumer communication model. Product Drawings. Offering a powerful range of product drawing tools to help you design & apply our products. Available on-line or for download, our tools help you access information while in the office or on the go. Technical Documentation Center. FAQs.2 Publicación de Rockwell Automation 5069-IN004A-ES-P - Octubre 2015 Módulo de entradas drenadoras digi tales de 16 puntos Compact I/O 5069 ATTENTION: Read this document and the documents listed in the Additional Resources section abou t installation, configuration and operation of this equipment before you install, configure, operate or maintain this product. Our Bulletin 5069 Compact 5000™ I/O modules provide high-performance control in a compact design, and expand the performance capabilities of the Logix platform. They are the local I/O modules in a CompactLogix™ 5380, Compact GuardLogix® 5380, or CompactLogix 5480 system and safety options are available. 2 Publicación de Rockwell Automation 5069-IN004A-ES-P - Octubre 2015 Módulo de entradas drenadoras digi tales de 16 puntos Compact I/O 5069 ATTENTION: Read this document and the documents listed in the Additional Resources section abou t installation, configuration and operation of this equipment before you install, configure, operate or maintain this product.This manual shows how to monitor and handle major and minor controller faults. The manual also provides lists of major, minor, and I/O fault codes to use to troubleshoot the system. This manual is one of a set of related manuals that show common procedures for programming and operating Logix 5000 controllers.If you're trying to use a common 3-wire analog device like a transmitter with +24V, analog out, and common, then I can 100% verify that they are compatabile with the IF8. Just requires a 24V power supply and tying the DC com to the (-) of the IF8 input channel. Yes, it’s a standard 3 wire analog. Can you confirm that on the 5069-if8 (not the ...ControlLogix 8 Point A/I Module. Lifecycle status: ACTIVE. Find a Distributor. Find Product Drawings. Find Firmware & Downloads. Add to BoM. Get Support. 1756-IF8. Find a Distributor.5069-RTB18-SPRING. Allen-Bradley. Compact I/O. 18 pins Spring type terminal block kit. £47.53. Price Per 1. Add to basket. Routeco Stock: 64 - Available now. Pricing/Availability request. ^ denotes Non-Returnable Product.Catalog Numbers 5069-AENTR, 5069-AENTRK, 5069-AEN2TR The Compact 5000™ I/O EtherNet/IP adapters perform the following functions: • Facilitate high-speed data transfer across an EtherNet/IP network between Compact 5000 I/O modules and a Logix 5000™controller. • Provide system-side and field-side power to Compact 5000 I/O modules. I saw this thread and thought "there's no way in the world a 5069-IF8 doesn't support 3 wire transmitters" and figured I'd find a working example onsite to prove it, then post back. I then promptly forgot about it. But I remembered this morning, and yes, I have wired 2, 3 and 4 wire 4-20mA transmitters to a 5069-IF8 and it works just fine. View and Download Allen-Bradley 5069-IF8 user manual online. Analog I/O Modules 5000 Series in Logix5000 Control Systems. 5069-IF8 i/o systems pdf manual download. Also for: 5069-of4, 5069-iy4, 5069-of8. The 5069-IY4 has an input resolution of 15-bits plus sign and 16 bits for voltage; 16-bits for current, RTD and Thermocouple. Is the Thermocouple input provided with CJC sensors? Yes. Two (2) CJC sensors are available. What is the scan time of the 5069-IY4? The 5069-IY4 has rated scan time of 625 µs per channel and 2.5 ms per group.Product Drawings. Offering a powerful range of product drawing tools to help you design & apply our products. Available on-line or for download, our tools help you access information while in the office or on the go. Technical Documentation Center. FAQs.2 Rockwell Automation Publication 5069-IN015C-EN-P - December 2021 Compact 5000 Digital 16-point 120/240V AC Input Module Installation Instructions ATTENTION: Read this document and the documents listed in the Additional Resources section about installation, configuration and operation of this equipment before you install, configure, operate or ...This manual also provides system information you need to make system design choices. Logix5000 Controllers Common Procedures Manual, publication 1756-PM001 Guides the development of projects for Logix5000™ controllers. It provides links to individual guides. Logix5000 Controllers General Instruction Set Reference Manual, publication 1756-RM003Default I have the same issue on 2 installs. 5069-IQ16 24vdc input at reference does not initiate the input. Re-routing of the wiring solved the issue. 5069-IF8 input properly shielded had to be re-routed not to induce a fault on the card. I have discontinued using the 5069 i/o until AB solves the issue. RickThis manual describes how to install, configure, and troubleshoot your ControlLogix® digital I/O modules. There is also a complete listing of digital input and output modules, including specifications and wiring diagrams. You must be able to program and operate a ControlLogix controller to use your digital I/O module efficiently.Our Bulletin 5069 Compact 5000™ I/O modules provide high-performance control in a compact design, and expand the performance capabilities of the Logix platform. They are the local I/O modules in a CompactLogix™ 5380, Compact GuardLogix® 5380, or CompactLogix 5480 system and safety options are available. From the manual. Flashing red One of the following conditions exist: • A module firmware update is in progress. • A module firmware update attempt failed. • The device has experienced a recoverable fault. • A connection to the module has timed out. Complete one of the following: • Let the firmware update progress complete.View and Download Allen-Bradley 5069-IF8 user manual online. Analog I/O Modules 5000 Series in Logix5000 Control Systems. 5069-IF8 i/o systems pdf manual download. Important User Information Read this document and the documents listed in the additional resources section about... Default "The 5069-IF8 is a Compact 5000 I/O module. This module is an Eight (8) channels analog input module dedicated for Current and Voltage signals. This module is not compatible for direct integration with RTD or Thermocouple sensors. However, when compared to universal input modules such as the 5069-IY4, the 5069-IF8 has more input channels.• The 5069-IA16 module inputs use a shared common. The inputs have a return through internal module circuitry to the SA (–) terminal on the SA Power RTB. • If you install modules in a 5069 Compact I/O system that use AC SA power and DC SA power, you must install them on separate SA Power buses. I/O Systems Allen-Bradley 5069-IF8 User Manual. Analog i/o modules 5000 series in logix5000 control systems (166 pages) I/O Systems Allen-Bradley 1756-IF8I User Manual. High resolution analog i/o modules (226 pages) I/O Systems Allen-Bradley 1734-IE2C Installation Instructions Manual.Catalog Numbers 5069-IF8, 5069-IY4, 5069-OF4, 5069-OF8 User Manual. Important User Information 5069-RTB18-SCREW, 5069-RTB14CJC-SCREW: 0.4 Nm (3.5 lbin) Overvoltage protection, max ... 2 Rockwell Automation Publication 5069-IN008D-EN-P - December 2021 Compact 5000 Digital 4-point Isolated Relay Digital Output Module Installation Instructions ATTENTION: Read this document and the documents listed in the Additional Resources section about installation, configuration and operation of this equipment before you install, configure, operate or maintain "The 5069-IF8 is a Compact 5000 I/O module. This module is an Eight (8) channels analog input module dedicated for Current and Voltage signals. This module is not compatible for direct integration with RTD or Thermocouple sensors. However, when compared to universal input modules such as the 5069-IY4, the 5069-IF8 has more input channels.Access technical specifications, installation instructions, and manuals for Allen-Bradley 5069 Compact 5000 I/O and chassis-based communication modules.5069-RTB18-SCREW, 5069-RTB14CJC-SCREW: 0.4 Nm (3.5 lbin) Overvoltage protection, max ... 5069-IF8 Installation Download. 5069-IY4, 5069-IY4K Installation ... Compact 5000 I/O High-Speed Counter Module User Manual Looking for more? Download. CompactLogix ... Catalog Numbers 5069-IF8, 5069-IY4, 5069-OF4, 5069-OF8 User Manual. Important User InformationView and Download Allen-Bradley 5069-IF8 user manual online. Analog I/O Modules 5000 Series in Logix5000 Control Systems. 5069-IF8 i/o systems pdf manual download. Appendix A Troubleshoot Your Module Table 29 describes the I/O Status indicator on 5069 Compact I/O analog output modules. User Manual. Original Instructions. 5000 Series Analog I/O Modules in Logix5000 Control Systems. Catalog Numbers 5069-IF8, 5069-IY4, 5069-OF4, 5069-OF8.We have 1 Allen-Bradley 5069-IF8 manual available for free PDF download: User Manual Allen-Bradley 5069-IF8 User Manual (166 pages) Analog I/O Modules 5000 Series in Logix5000 Control SystemsCatalog Numbers 5069-AENTR, 5069-AENTRK, 5069-AEN2TR The Compact 5000™ I/O EtherNet/IP adapters perform the following functions: • Facilitate high-speed data transfer across an EtherNet/IP network between Compact 5000 I/O modules and a Logix 5000™controller. • Provide system-side and field-side power to Compact 5000 I/O modules.Catalog Numbers 5069-OF4, 5069-OF4K, 5069-OF8 The 5069-OF4, 5069-OF4K, and 5069-OF8 analog current/voltage output modules convert digital values to analog signals. The module offers non-isolated output channels that can connect to current or voltage input devices, and the module channels support multiple ranges for each output type.5094-IF8, 5094-IF8XT Installation Download. 5094-IF8IH, 5094-IF8IHXT Installation ... FLEX 5000 Analog Isolated Current/Voltage/HART Input and Output Modules User ManualAustralian RCM. IECEx Scheme. ATEX. This product was certified with the above certifications as of 2023-09-04. Products sold before or after this date might carry different certifications. Please review the product label to check for the certifications your specific product carries.Compact I/O 5069 Número de catálogo 5069-IF8 Instrucciones de instalación Descripción general del producto El módulo de entradas analógicas de voltaje/corriente de 8 ca nales 5069-IF8 ofrece canales de entrada diferenciales, no aislado s, que pueden conectarse con dispositivos de entrada de corriente o de voltaje. (1) Catalog numbers 5069-IF8 and 5069-IY4 support differential inputs only. Conversion Module Catalog Number Conversion Module Description 1746-NI8 5069-IF8 1492-CM1746-MO5 High Resolution (8) Analog Input Module 1746-NI4 5069-IY4 1492-CM1746-MO6 High Resolution (4) Analog Input ModuleUser ManualOriginal Instructions Compact 5000 I/O Analog Modules Catalog Numbers 5069-IF8, 5069-IY4, 5069-IY4K, 5069-OF4, 5069-OF4K, 5069-OF8 2Rockwell Automation Publication 5069-UM005C-EN-P - January 2022 Compact 5000 I/O Analog Modules User Manual Important User Information

View and Download Allen-Bradley 5069-IF8 user manual online. Analog I/O Modules 5000 Series in Logix5000 Control Systems. 5069-IF8 i/o systems pdf manual download. Appendix A Troubleshoot Your Module Table 29 describes the I/O Status indicator on 5069 Compact I/O analog output modules.. Echo pb 255ln won

5069 if8 manual

View and Download Allen-Bradley 5069-IF8 user manual online. Analog I/O Modules 5000 Series in Logix5000 Control Systems. 5069-IF8 i/o systems pdf manual download. Appendix A Troubleshoot Your Module Table 27 - Module (MOD) Status Indicator - 5069 Compact I/O Analog I/O Modules...110Rockwell Automation Publication 5069-TD001M-EN-P - April 2022 Compact 5000 I/O Modules and EtherNet/IP Adapters. 5069-SERIAL Serial Module. The Compact 5000 I/O serial module provides a network interface to RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 devices. The following figure sho ws the 5069-SERIAL serial module.DDS 2 Rockwell Automation Publication 5069-IN005C-EN-P - December 2021 Compact 5000 High-speed Counter Module Installation Instructions ATTENTION: Read this document and the documents listed in the Additional Resources section about installation, configuration and operation of this equipment before you install, configure, operate or maintain this ...Sep 26, 2022 · 5069-IF8 FieldPowerOff = 1. Got a trouble call with a 5069-IF8 module that has all the channels flashing red. Upon logging in, I see that each channel is faulted with the FieldPowerOff bit set to 1. I had them verify the SA power is good, which it is, and another 5069-IF8 module 2 slots down is functioning fine, so SA power appears to be good. Catalog Numbers 5069-IF8, 5069-IY4, 5069-OF4, 5069-OF8 User Manual. Important User Information Lifecycle status: ACTIVE. Find a Distributor. to avoid the risks of unauthorized and counterfeit products. Find Product Drawings. Register this Product. Add to BoM. Add to Repair Quote. Get Support. 5069-L320ER. Rockwell Product Catalog. Packaged Solutions (148) Product Selection Wizards (6) Condition Monitoring (10) Condition Sensors, Switches and Controls (19) Connection Systems (13) Control Circuit and Load Protection (81) Drives (70) Hazardous Locations (2) View and Download Allen-Bradley 5069-IF8 user manual online. Analog I/O Modules 5000 Series in Logix5000 Control Systems. 5069-IF8 i/o systems pdf manual download. Also for: 5069-of4, 5069-iy4, 5069-of8. Catalog Numbers 5069-IF8, 5069-IY4, 5069-OF4, 5069-OF8 User Manual. Important User Information Literature Library | Rockwell AutomationGet Support 5069-IF8 Find a Distributor Technical Specifications For full product specifications, please see the product catalog. Documentation Find all available product literature for this product in the Literature Library results. View and Download Allen-Bradley 5069-IF8 user manual online. Analog I/O Modules 5000 Series in Logix5000 Control Systems. 5069-IF8 i/o systems pdf manual download. Also for: 5069-of4, 5069-iy4, 5069-of8. Technical Data. 5069-TD001. Find more technical documentation for this product in the Technical Documentation Center. TYPE. Technical Data. PUBLICATION NUMBER. 5069-TD001.User ManualOriginal Instructions Compact 5000 I/O Analog Modules Catalog Numbers 5069-IF8, 5069-IY4, 5069-IY4K, 5069-OF4, 5069-OF4K, 5069-OF8 2Rockwell Automation Publication 5069-UM005C-EN-P - January 2022 Compact 5000 I/O Analog Modules User Manual Important User Information Catalog Numbers 5069-IF8, 5069-IY4, 5069-OF4, 5069-OF8 User Manual Original Instructions IMPORTANT This manual has been replaced by the Compact 5000 I/O Analog Modules User Manual, publication 5069-UM005.View and Download Allen-Bradley 5069-IF8 user manual online. Analog I/O Modules 5000 Series in Logix5000 Control Systems. 5069-IF8 i/o systems pdf manual download. Also for: 5069-of4, 5069-iy4, 5069-of8. Allen-Bradley. Dimensions: 4.29 in L x 1.01 in W. Item Status: Active. Manufacturer: Rockwell Automation. Name: Allen-Bradley 5069-IF8 Analog CompactLogix Input Module, 8 Inputs, 16 bit.View and Download Allen-Bradley 5069-IF8 user manual online. Analog I/O Modules 5000 Series in Logix5000 Control Systems. 5069-IF8 i/o systems pdf manual download. Table 33 - 5069-IY4 Module - Configuration Tags Name Size Definition Chxx.HighSignal REAL One of four points used in...The 5069-IF8 analog 8-channel current/voltage input module offers non-isolated input channels that can connect to current or voltage input devices. The module supports multiple ranges for each input type. Compact 5000TM I/O modules use the Producer/Consumer communication model. .

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